Intra-operative navigation systems: advancing precision and safety in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Abstract

Since their initial introduction in neurosurgical applications approximately two decades ago, computer-assisted surgical navigation systems have progressively been adopted within the domain of craniomaxillofacial surgery. The intricate anatomy of the oral and maxillofacial region is characterized by its proximity to vital adjacent structures, necessitates heightened precision during operative procedures. Surgical navigation technologies facilitate real-time intraoperative localization and enable accurate translation of preoperative planning into the surgical field, thereby enhancing procedural accuracy and patient safety. Surgical navigation enable surgeons to navigate complex anatomical regions while assessing the accuracy and effectiveness of preoperative planning, intraoperative execution and postoperative outcomes. Within the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, these systems have emerged as indispensable adjuncts, enhancing both the safety and precision of surgical interventions. Clinical applications include management of maxillofacial trauma such as complex midfacial fracture repair and reconstruction of orbit, removal of foreign bodies, complex dentoalveolar procedures, skull base and temporomandibular joint surgery, orthognathic surgeries and dental implant placement. Collectively, these applications underscore the proven efficacy of navigation systems in optimizing outcomes across a broad spectrum of oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures. Literature reveals numerous studies with significant statistical data which highlight the significant role of navigation in improving the overall surgical outcome. This review provides a comprehensive overview of navigation technologies and their diverse applications within the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.